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Individually oriented education
is an education technology which is mainly aimed at
mutual and fruitful development of personality of a
teacher and his students on the base of equal
communication and partnership in joint activity.
The main task
is to assist the student in determination of his
attitude to himself, other people, outward things, and
his professional activity.
The main purpose
of the lyceum is not to teach, but to teach how to
study, and to prepare the student to uninterrupted
education. Therefore, functions of the student, and that
of the teacher shall be changed. The former shall along
with learning of respective knowledge develop in oneself
capability, skills, as well as ability to seek them on
his own, that is to master scientific way of learning.
The latter shall respectively assist the former in
learning how to study.
Principles
of functioning of individually oriented education:
1.The key
principle of individually oriented education is
recognition and making aware of student’s individuality,
his self-value, uniqueness as a person, his development
not as a community subject, but primarily as an
individual with unique subjective experience, aggregate
of psychological and cultural features. Individually
oriented education shall provide development and
self-development of personality subject to revealing of
his individual peculiarities as a subject of cognition
and thematic activity.
2.Important differentiation principle may be of two
kinds:
·thematic
differentiation (implemented in our lyceum: division of
students into different level groups, taking into
account the principle of nature correspondence at the
English language and professional profile lessons);
·spiritual
differentiation subject to personal peculiarities
connected with family traditions, morality.
3.Educational
process of individually oriented education provides each
student depending on his abilities, interests, value
orientations and subjective experience with an
opportunity to realize himself in learning, educational
activity, behaviour. Content of education, as well as
means and methods thereof are selected and organized in
such a way that the student could see selectivity of
thematic material.
4.Principle of variability is basic one; it builds up
education on the base of wide variety of content and
forms of educational process which are chosen by
thematic teacher taking into account the purpose of
every child development.
5.Principle
of subject planning (concept – educational process –
peculiar projection of science).
6.Principle
of knowledge content humanization.
7.Principle
of knowledge consistency.
8.Principle
of knowledge integrity.
9.Principle
of scientific and educational knowledge coordination.
10.Principle of learning and psychological development
support, etc.
Model of
individually oriented education:
·a
student – main subject of educational process;
·purpose
of study – development of individual skills of the
student;
·creation
of conditions for attaining of put purpose by means of
revealing and structuring of subjective experience of
the student, his directed development;
·content
of education shall include not only scientific
knowledge, but also means and methods of their learning
and cognition;
·development of special forms of interaction between
educational process participants: student - teacher -
parents;
·special
procedures of monitoring of character and trend of the
student’s development;
·provision of favourable conditions for forming of
child’s personality, change of established typical for
our culture ideas of norms of child’s psychological
development (not horizontal comparison (with others),
but vertical one (with oneself)).
Main
requirements to development of didactical support of
individually oriented process:
·teaching
material shall reveal content of subjective experience
of the student, take into account an experience of his
previous education;
·presentation of knowledge in a text-book (by a teacher)
shall be directed not only towards enlargement of its
volume, structuring, integration, generalization of
thematic material, but also towards transformation of
personal experience of every student;
·constant
coordination of student’s experience with scientific
content of knowledge is required;
·active
stimulation of self-valuable educational activity shall
provide the student with an opportunity of
self-education, self-development, self-expression in the
course of knowledge mastering;
·teaching
material shall be organized in such a way, that the
student could have an opportunity to choose when
performing tasks, solving problems;
·students
shall be encouraged to make independent choice and use
more important for them ways of working on teaching
materials;
·one
shall exercise control and carry out evaluation not only
of the result, but also primarily that of educational
process, i.e. transformations experienced by the student
when mastering new material.
Individually
oriented education environment shall include:
·use of
teaching materials of different content, kind and form;
·provision of the student with free choice between the
ways of performing tasks (for relief of emotional
stress, fear of mistake);
·use of
non-traditional forms of group and individual lessons
with the purpose of activity promotion;
·creation
of conditions for creativity in individual and
collective activity;
·constant
analysis and evaluation by the teacher of individual
methods of educational work that provides the student
with an opportunity to tell how he organized his work,
what method he used, what he liked, managed, etc;
·special
preparation of teacher to systematic performance of such
work at the lesson, individual lesson;
·working
out and use of individual curriculums simulating
research thinking;
·organization of lessons in small groups on the base of
a dialogue, imitation and role games, trainings,
educational intercourse, brainstorming, round tables,
staging of dramatic pieces, discussions, creative
individual project, educational and study practice. |
Experimental Work
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